El escenario internacional ha cambiado, a raiz de las revueltas políticas que han tenido éxito en Túnez, Egipto y Libia; Siria es un país que vive las mismas tensiones, con un desenlace incierto.
Tras el mandato guerrero de G. W. Bush, ha seguido la política pacificadora del ahora presidente de Estados Unidos B. H. Obama. No son dos períodos que se enfrenten, sino que hay una continuidad fraguada en el aparato del estado norteamericano.
Los cambios en varios países musulmanes tienen un antecedente en el discurso del presidente B. H. Obama dirigió al mundo islámico; las revueltas estallaron y los líderes antiguos desaparecen junto a Osama Bin Laden y otros jefes de la red AlQaeda. Nada parece que todos estos acontecimientos hayan ocurrido al azar…
En junio del 2009, el presidente de Estados Unidos, Barak Hussein Obama, se dirigió a los musulmanes, en un acto solemne en la universidad Al-Azhar, en el Cairo, capital de Egipto. La blogosfera egipcia se preguntaba: ¿Habrá alguna acción después del discurso de Obama?
Las revueltas o revoluciones musulmanas, de carácter político y social, han respondido a esta pregunta, en un tiempo breve, sobrepasando las expectativas de los medios de comunicación occidentales, por un desconocimiento de las sociedades musulmanas, que ni los viajeros ocasionales pueden paliar.
El “fenómeno” Barak Obama, en parte, marketing político, ha sido interpretado mejor que nadie, por la juventud musulmana y otros grupos sociales, en Túnez, Egipto, Libia, Siria, Jemen, Bahréin, Siria, Marruecos… aunque las armas occidentales hayan aparecido en Libia, el impulso de la globalización se percibe en las generaciones jóvenes musulmanas, que se sirven de las redes sociales digitales y de las redes sociales que todavía impulsa la tradición musulmana, que sabe barrer las fronteras artificiales, que los occidentales ayudamos a crear, en el siglo XX.
Oriente Medio es un asunto recurrente para Occidente. Relaciones desiguales y estereotipos bien afianzados. No faltán análisis sobre la evolución de los diferentes regímenes islámicos, pero las revueltas actuales han cogido por sorpresa a la opinión pública occidental. El discurso del presidente Barak H. Obama fue analizado oportunamente, y con acierto; así, el tanque de ideas (Think Tank) Safe Democracy Foundation advirtió del “Nuevo comienzo en las relaciones entre el mundo musulmán y Occidente” (El discurso de Barack Obama en Egipto: un ejemplo de “smart power”).
Escrito por un colaborador del Think TanK, Alberto Priego, el artículo revisa las premisas de la política exterior de Estados Unidos, a partir de la presidencia de Barack Obama: “una mezcla de fortaleza militar unida a una confianza en alianzas, asociaciones e instituciones internacionales para establecer la legitimidad de las acciones de Estados Unidos”.
Un presidente de raza negra, con el apellido Hussein y con antecedentes musulmanes familiares ha sido el verdadero acicate de los airados musulmanes que han desafiado al poder establecido en varios países islámicos. El discurso es leve para el peso que tiene Estados Unidos en el mundo; pero es un milagro del marketing político exagerar los alcances sin comprometerse a nada: Estados Unidos sigue un papel discreto ante la opinión pública mundial, ante los cambios políticos en varios países musulmanes; está forzado por los hechos: principalmente la alianza con Israel y Arabia Saudí. Entre tanto, Barack H. Obama ha anunciado a través de una red social -twitter- que se presentará a la reelección presidencial.
La entente entre Francia y Gran Bretaña para ocuparse de Libia, persigue resarcirse del fiasco franco–británico, en el Canal de Suez, en 1956. Los Estados se deben a su genealogía: sin duda, en lo que respecta a los europeos; entre ambigüo y cínico, Estados Unidos todavía no ha encajado la II Guerra de Irak; no se trata de un precedente, a tenor de las palabras de Barack H. Obama.
La neutralidad reiterada de Alemania, el país lider europeo, quizá consiga afianzarse ante la opinión pública alemana e internacional; pero en la II Guerra de Irak, se desveló que la inteligencia alemana suministró a Estados Unidos los planes de defensa de Bagdag por parte del régimen de Sadam Hussein.
Neutral ante la resolución 1973 de la ONU, que legimita la intervención en Libia, Rusia refuerza su actitud defensiva. Aniquiló la Guerra Fría desintegrando la entidad “Unión Soviética”. En 1948, Rusia reconoció la independencia de Israel, a la postre la decisión más importante que tomó en Oriente Medio, en décadas.
Alemania aporta tropas encuadradas en la OTAN en la campaña moderna en Afganistán; Rusia observa como Estados Unidos revive las ambiciones de las grandes potencias sobre Asia central (ex repúblicas soviéticas). Los acuerdos entre la Unión Europea y Rusia para el comercio de gas y petróleo, de origen ruso (proyectos de gasoductos Nord Stream y South Stream), sólo podrían ser una opción estratégica si la globalización escapa al control norteamericano; ningún acontecimiento apunta en esa dirección, ni siquiera el crash económico.
La palabra, gastada y devaluada en Europa, todavía tiene vigor en América, como lo demuestra el fenómeno electoral de la campaña y elección de Barack H. Obama como presidente de Estados Unidos. En el Islam, tampoco la palabra ha perdido sentido y compromiso, sobre todo si procede del presidente de Estados Unidos, que ha encontrado la réplica de tantos países islámicos. Mientras Europa sopesa la influencia de las revueltas islámicas en los jóvenes descendientes de musulmanes emigrados al continente europeo: neutralidad alemana y futura elección presidencial francesa; rivalidades comerciales entre socios europeos y diferencias entorno a la OTAN, una vez que EE.UU ha dejado la dirección de las operaciones militares en Libia.
No obstante, cuando se dispone de un ejército imperial, como es el caso de Estados Unidos, la política debe crear las condiciones idóneas para que sea apremiante una intervención militar, mejor si se produce con aliados circunstanciales o tradicionales. Largos períodos de espera sólo conllevan corrupción y propaganda nada heróica.¿En qué momentos hay que mirar a la vanguardia de un ejército imperial? ¿cuándo hay que hacerlo con la retaguardia? La guerra es la fuerza principal del Estado.
El discurso del presidente de Estados Unidos Barack H. Obama en Egipto.
Interesante visión sobre los últimos acontecimientos acontecidos en una zona que marca y marcará el devinir de la historia mundial.
Ya es un dato, que EEUU ha cometido y comete los mismos errores que su antecesor la URSS en la guerra de Afganistan (a nivel militar y táctico), según los especialistas en estrategia; las diferencias fundamentales son, por un lado, el menor número de bajas de los soldados estadounidenses que los acontecidos por la URSS y los intentos de acercamiento de la inteligencia militar y Cia con las fuerzas talibanes.
El presidente Obama es un correcto representante de la estrategia mundial imperialista que se sigue en Afganistan, y su posición de acercamiento político a zonas del planeta tradicionalmente hostiles, no es más que la estrategia de la distracción por medio de las poderosas herramientas del marketing de masas, como ha citado el autor del blog.
EEUU sigue estando presente militar y por medio de los sistemas de recolecciòn de informaciòn (recordemos echelon) en todos los continentes. Es por tanto un aliado dudoso para Europa, aunque si es cierto, que ha sabido encontrar una vía para el mundo arabe nada desdeñable.
¿Y Europa?, está en una posición viciadad por el pacto atlántico y sus compromisos a distintos niveles, no articulando aún, politicas de integración y reconocimiento del Oriente Próximo como una parte cultural y humana, más cercana de lo pensado. Europa debe despertar y ver esta realidad.
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